Overview of mitochondria and their functions
Mitochondria consist of four compartments: outer membrane (OM), intermembrane space (IMS), inner membrane (IM) and matrix. A large variety of functions have been assigned to mitochondrial proteins and protein complexes and are indicated in the figure: energy metabolism with respiration and synthesis of ATP; metabolism of amino acids, lipids and nucleotides; biosynthesis of iron–sulfur (Fe–S) clusters and cofactors; expression of the mitochondrial genome; quality control and degradation processes including mitophagy and apoptosis; signalling and redox processes; membrane architecture and dynamics; and the import and processing of precursor proteins that are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes. AAA, ATP-dependent proteases of the inner membrane; E3, ubiquitin-protein ligase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; Ub, ubiquitin.
From: Mitochondrial proteins: from biogenesis to functional networks Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
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